Variable Refresh Rate: G-Sync and FreeSync

What is variable refresh rate?

Variable refresh rate (VRR) is a display technology that allows a monitor to dynamically adjust its refresh rate to match the frame rate output by your graphics card. Traditional monitors have a fixed refresh rate, such as 60Hz or 144Hz, meaning they update the image a set number of times per second. When your graphics card produces frames at a rate that does not align with the monitor's refresh rate, visual artifacts like screen tearing can occur.

VRR solves this by synchronizing the monitor's refresh rate with the GPU's frame output in real time. If your graphics card is rendering at 90 frames per second, the monitor refreshes at 90Hz; if it drops to 70, the monitor adjusts to 70Hz. This synchronization results in a smoother image without tearing or stuttering, which is especially noticeable in fast-paced scenes where frame rates fluctuate.

For a deeper understanding of how refresh rate affects your experience, read about what is a good refresh rate for gaming.

How VRR prevents screen tearing

Screen tearing occurs when a monitor displays parts of two or more frames in a single refresh cycle. This happens because the monitor's refresh rate is out of sync with the GPU's frame rate. For example, if your monitor refreshes at 144Hz but your GPU is outputting 100 frames per second, the monitor may start displaying a new frame before the previous one is fully drawn, causing a visible horizontal split.

VRR eliminates tearing by ensuring the monitor only refreshes when a complete frame is ready. The monitor waits for the GPU to finish rendering a frame, then updates the display. This coordination means the monitor's refresh rate continuously changes to match the GPU's output, so each frame is displayed in full, without overlap. The result is a clean, tear-free image even when frame rates vary.

If you are experiencing tearing without VRR, you may want to learn about screen tearing without VRR and how to address it.

G-Sync vs FreeSync: the two main types

G-Sync and FreeSync are the two primary implementations of variable refresh rate technology. G-Sync is developed by NVIDIA and is designed to work with NVIDIA GeForce graphics cards. FreeSync is AMD's technology, built to work with AMD Radeon GPUs. Both achieve the same goal of synchronizing refresh rates, but they use different methods and have different compatibility requirements.

G-Sync uses a proprietary module inside the monitor to communicate with the GPU, which can add to the monitor's cost. FreeSync is based on the VESA Adaptive-Sync standard, which is implemented in the monitor's firmware, making it more affordable and widely available. In recent years, many monitors have become 'G-Sync Compatible,' meaning they support G-Sync even without the proprietary module, using the same Adaptive-Sync technology as FreeSync.

For a more detailed comparison, see G-Sync vs FreeSync vs VRR and G-Sync vs FreeSync for NVIDIA GPUs.

Compatibility considerations for your GPU

The most important factor in choosing between G-Sync and FreeSync is your graphics card. If you have an NVIDIA GeForce GPU, G-Sync is the native choice, but many FreeSync monitors are also G-Sync Compatible, so you can use them with NVIDIA cards. If you have an AMD Radeon GPU, FreeSync is the primary option, though some G-Sync monitors also support FreeSync over DisplayPort.

It is essential to check the monitor's specifications and the GPU's supported features before purchasing. For example, NVIDIA's GeForce RTX 50 Series graphics cards support G-Sync, as listed in the official specifications. Similarly, AMD GPUs support FreeSync, but the exact version (FreeSync, FreeSync Premium, or FreeSync Premium Pro) depends on the monitor and GPU combination.

When building or upgrading a gaming PC, consider the GPU you plan to use. If you are leaning toward an NVIDIA card, look for monitors that are G-Sync Compatible or have G-Sync support. For AMD builds, FreeSync monitors are the standard. Many modern monitors support both, giving you flexibility if you switch GPU brands later.

To learn more about choosing between NVIDIA and AMD, read NVIDIA vs AMD GPU for gaming and how to choose between NVIDIA and AMD graphics cards for gaming.

What to pick for your play

Choosing between G-Sync and FreeSync ultimately comes down to your graphics card and monitor budget. If you already have an NVIDIA GPU, a G-Sync or G-Sync Compatible monitor ensures the best experience. For AMD GPU users, FreeSync is the way to go. If you are building a new system, consider the monitor first, then select a GPU that matches its VRR technology.

For competitive gamers who play fast-paced titles, VRR is a valuable feature regardless of the brand. It reduces tearing and stuttering, which can improve your ability to track moving objects. For casual gamers, VRR is still beneficial, especially in single-player games where frame rates can vary widely.

If you are looking for a monitor, browse our best gaming monitors for PC guide. For specific resolutions, see best 1440p gaming monitors and best 4K gaming monitors. For high refresh rates, check best 240Hz gaming monitors.

What to pick for your play

Questions

Does VRR work with any graphics card?

VRR works with graphics cards that support the technology. NVIDIA GPUs support G-Sync, while AMD GPUs support FreeSync. Many modern monitors are compatible with both, but you should check the specifications of your GPU and monitor to ensure they match.

Can I use FreeSync with an NVIDIA GPU?

Yes, many FreeSync monitors are G-Sync Compatible, meaning they work with NVIDIA GPUs over DisplayPort. However, not all FreeSync monitors are certified as G-Sync Compatible, so you should verify the monitor's specifications before purchasing.

Is G-Sync worth the extra cost?

G-Sync monitors with the proprietary module tend to cost more, but they offer a certified experience with NVIDIA GPUs. G-Sync Compatible monitors provide similar benefits at a lower price, so the value depends on your budget and preference for certification.

Does VRR affect input lag?

VRR can reduce input lag compared to traditional vertical sync (VSync), which often adds delay. By synchronizing the refresh rate with the GPU's output, VRR helps maintain responsiveness, which is beneficial for competitive gaming.

What is the difference between FreeSync and FreeSync Premium?

FreeSync Premium adds low framerate compensation (LFC) and a minimum refresh rate requirement, ensuring smoother performance at lower frame rates. FreeSync Premium Pro adds HDR support. For more details, see FreeSync Premium vs FreeSync Premium Pro.

Can I enable VRR on any monitor?

No, VRR requires a monitor that supports the technology. Most modern gaming monitors include G-Sync, FreeSync, or Adaptive-Sync. Check the monitor's specifications before purchase. For more on what to look for, read what to check in a gaming PC for VRR.